Executive Functions Revisited

In September 2013, we published a blog briefly detailing an overview of Executive Function.  Today, we’ll focus on Executive Function Disorder (EFD), which involves a pattern of chronic difficulties in executing daily tasks.

It is believed that the inattentiveness present in those with Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder may in fact stem from deficiencies in the executive functions.  People who suffer from EFD often have problems setting schedules, keeping to those schedules, and organizing materials,.  The se challenges subsequently compound their difficulties in completing tasks on-time with an appropriate level of quality.  Simply put, if a student has EFD, he/she will have problems completing homework, as well as long-term projects on time.

It is important to recognize that not everyone who has Executive Function Disorder has ADD/ADHD.  Persons with ADD/ADHD may be quite organized, complete tasks on time, and keep to schedules, but they have challenges with attentiveness.  However, those with EFD may have none of the aforementioned ADD issues besides other than inattentiveness, and their behavior will present differently than those with ADHD.

When symptoms present themselves, such as careless errors in math homework, trouble organizing his/her  ideas when writing a paper despite knowing the material, or reading a chapter in a book without remembering what he/she had read, making the correct diagnosis is vital.  Some professionals often jump too quickly to dismiss EFD traits combined with a learning disability, and may jump straight to an ADHD diagnosis.  It is important to ensure that the correct diagnosis is achieved.  There are many different  approaches to treatment and management of ADHD.  

However, someone with EFD can learn a variety of skills and strategies to improve executive functioning.  In addition, the use of many technological tools can aid in easing the problems that lack of organization and planning skills cause.  Using a smart phone for class or appointment reminders, using a day planner or smart phone/tablet app for a calendar to record homework and plan a homework schedule is just one idea.  Sometimes, using a coach or tutor to help a person get organized, may make keeping organized much easier.

Not all professionals understand that ADHD , as well as some types of learning disabilities, can both be a reflection of EFD, and can even be diagnosed at the same time.  As the impact of disorders in executive function is understood, and more information is published, the more likely the proper diagnosis can be made.  Once a diagnosis is made, then a plan with strategies can be implemented.